Bikaner, also called the camel country, still retains the medieval splendour that pervades its lifestyle. Bikaner in Rajasthan, India is an enchanting desert city which comes live with music and dance, undulating lanes, colourful bazaars and bright-cheerful folks. This desert city has a stark beauty which is totally unique. The wide-spread sand dunes, the moonlit glittering beauty and desert agility, the worth-seeing natural sites, the marvelous palaces and temples, wild life sanctuaries and archeological treasures all combine to make this city a place of lasting charm and permanent attraction. With the increasing popularity of Rajasthan in India amongst the international tourist circle, Bikaner is cascading more and more into the hearts of travelers since Bikaner has everything to entertain its guests, who want to enjoy every hour of their jam packed journey - a brilliant fort, camel safaris and 30 km to the south is Deshnoke temple, where in a marble-fronted temple rats wander around freely, and spotting a white rat is considered lucky.

If ever beauty has bloomed in a desert, it has been at Bikaner. The royal fortified city with a timeless appeal. Lying in the north west of the desert state of Rajasthan, the city is dotted with many sand dunes. Bikaner retains the medieval splendour that pervades the city's lifestyle. The imposing palaces, beautiful and richly sculptured temples of red and yellow sand stones display some of the finest creations of Rajput civilization. It's lust for "dessert" or affection for "desert" that tickles every heart to visit Bikaner. More popularly called the camel country the city is renowned for the best riding camels in the world. The ship of the desert is an inseparable part of life here. Be it pulling heavy carts, transporting grains or working on wells, camels are the prime helpers. The wells of Bikaner: an important source of water is another attraction of the city. These are built on high plinths with slender minaret towers on each of the four corners and can be noticed even from a distance.

History of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Bikaner's history dates back to 1488 AD when a Rajput prince Rao Bika ji a descendent of the founder of Jodhpur (1459 AD), Rao Jodha Ji established his kingdom here. Bika Ji chose a barren land called "Jungladesh" and shaped it into an impressive city, called Bikaner after the founder's name. Archeological surveys and excavations have established beyond doubt that civilization flourished here even before the Harappa period. Excavated statues, coins and carvings of stones and clay stand as testimony to this fact.

Ever since the foundations of Bikaner till its accession into Indian Union in 1947 A.D. and there after it's integration in Rajasthan state in 30-3-1949 A.D., Bikaner has played a notable role in the history of the country. Bikaner state has produced several able Generals and warriors and distinguished Rulers and just to name of few Raja Rai Singh Ji-One of Akbar's most distinguished Generals. Another famous name is Raja Anup Singh who ascended the throne in AD 1669 a scholar and warrior. His period has been described as "the golden time of Bikaner valor and fame".

In the modern period Bikaner produced the most outstanding Ruler, namely Maharaja Ganga Singh who ruled for 56 years. He was a strong and able ruler who renovated the traditional administration, modernized the army, separated the judiciary from the executive, constructed the famous "Gang Canal" and provided a number of welfare schemes, hospitals. His son and successor Maharaja Sardul Singh, who ascended the throne in A.D. 1943, played a conspicuous role in the merger of the princely states in the Indian Union. His Nationalistic outlook shall ever be remembered by the citizens of Bikaner. His son Dr. Karni Singh made a mark in Indian politics and in the field of sports. Ever since 1952 General Elections he had been elected as Member of Parliament continuously for five terms. He attained international fame in shooting arena.

At present the city is developing fast into an industrial and tourism center.

Geography and Economy of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Bikaner, heart of western Rajasthan, has been known as the "Tapo-Bhumi" of great sages and saints of yore since pre-historic times. The holy rivers Saraswati and Drishadwati used to flow in their glory in this area. Archeologist believe that the great Indian desert, the Thar, of which Bikaner is a part, was once an ocean, a belief which stands substantiated by the presence of sedimentary layers of various kinds of the precious clay, bajri etc. in the holy Kolayat area (55 km from Bikaner). Over the times major geographic and topographic changes took place when the sacred rivers dried up and the ocean receded .The region then gradually changed into ocean of deserts. Flora and fauna of the place typically reflects that of the desert .Trees are short with thin leaves to avoid water losses and have deep roots.

Climate of Bikaner
During the month of May-June thunderstorms are frequent post noon. Sometimes the wind may blow up to 120 km per hour and may result in heavy disaster. Average no. of storm days is around 18 per year which is falling gradually due to increase in area under canal irrigation. The temperature of Bikaner in summers goes to a maximum of 48ºC and a minimum of 4ºC in winters with a annual rainfall of approximately 25 cm.

Mines and minerals in Bikaner
Mines and Minerals available in the region explain geography of the city. Gypsum, Lignite (at Palana-deposits pertaining to tertiary era-approx. 20 million tones), limestone, red sandstone and multani mitti are the key deposits of the region. ONGC explorations are in process for oil & gas deposits in the Khajuwala tehsil of the region.

Agriculture & Irrigation in Bikaner
Prior to the canal irrigation, agriculture in the region was highly relying on the elusive rain. But with the advent of INDIRA GANDHI CANAL (world's longest irrigation canal), the scenario is changing drastically. The key produces now are wheat, cotton, mustard, bazra, moth, groundnut etc.  

Industries in Bikaner
 Flourishing industry of the place is bhujia and papad (food products) and Tourism. Ceramic industry is growing fast. Woolen industry (Carpet-weaving) also adds to the economy of place.
Animal Husbandry: Despite the desert terrain Bikaner is still regarded as the key producer of milk in the country.   
Camel breed of this region is the best riding camel in the world. Here is the Asia's largest camel breeding farm.

Cultural Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

The strategic location of Bikaner on the ancient caravan routes that came from West/Central Asia made it a prime trade centre in the times of the yore. Bikaner stands on a slightly raised ground and is cirucmscribed by a seven km long embattled wall with five gates. The magnificent forts and palaces, created with delicacy in reddish-pink sandstone, bear testimony to its rich historical and architectural legacy. Undulating lanes, colorful bazaars and bright and cheerful folks make Bikaner and interesting experience.

The cultural wealth of Bikaner becomes manifest in its simplicity, grace and creativity. The un-artificial and loving nature of life is the main essence of its cultural heritage. The regions love for color and joyous celebrations is proved by elaborate rituals and the gay abandon with which it surrenders to the numerous fairs and festivals of the region. In addition to the festivals celebrated by the Hindus, Muslims and the others, there are also other traditional fairs.

Folk dances reflect the communism nature and human-beings through physical movements, gestures and various other modes of expression. The tradition of folk dance in Bikaner region is very old. It commenced long before the inception of Rathore dynasty in Bikaner and flourished as the time passed culminating in rich and varied styles of popular dances. The famous dances of ladies are 'Ghumar', 'Saluda', 'Bhav', and 'Mataki', while men perform 'Ger', 'Patta', 'Tandava' and 'Pisach' dances gaily and gleefully on different occasions

Muslims perform 'Patta' dance at the time of Moharram with perfect skill, excellent balance and speedy movements.

The Jasnathis of Bikaner are renowned for their Tantric powers and FIRE DANCE is in keeping with their life style. A large ground is prepared with wood and charcoal where the Jasnathi men and boys jump on to the fire to the accompaniment of drum beats. The music gradually rises and tempo reaches a crescendo, the dancers seem to be in a trance like state. They are not likely to have any blisters to show for it. These devotional performances are usually to be seen late on a winter night.

The tastes and tradititions of folk life of Bikaner are reflected in it's Rammats. People give free expressions to their feelings of pleasures and pains in Rammats( Folk Drama). Rammat has come down from early nineteenth century as one of the most popular forms of entertainments. It has its own narration, style and methods of presentation. Several Rammats have been standardized as the monopolized presentation of different mohallas in Bikaner.  

Fairs and Festivals of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

People in modern Bikaner region are also known for their pleasure and contentment. The falgun Holi festivities, the folk dances, camel-rides, Dhamals and Loors etc. fill life with eternal joy. There are sacred places where people go for inspiration. Temples at Deshnok, Kolayat and Kodemdesar are visited by thousands of pilgrims. Delve into the local festivals and fairs and see the customs, cultures and heritage preserved over a period of 500 years. These add a great value in tourism in the city.

Camel Festival of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

For two days every year in the month of January, the city of Bikaner comes alive with the celebration of the Camel Festival. A lively and colourful event, the Camel Festival is organised by the Department of Tourism, Art & Culture, Rajasthan in Bikaner every year. January is just the right month for a desert spree, and Bikaner just the right place to see the Ships of the Desert. In order to acknowledge the importance of this useful animal, the Camel Festival of Bikaner is celebrated on a grand scale in Rajasthan. Desert region's Folk dances and Music; add on to what is otherwise an exclusive camel affair. A festival when the ships of the desert are seen at their best. Camels fascinate tourists from all over the world with their movements, charm and grace. Camels, the stalwart of the desert give an unmatched performance in the festival, bringing the desert town to life with its spell binding display of graceful parades, camel races, camel dances and many other camel acrobatics.
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Karni Mata Fair of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

The fair is celebrated twice a year in the little desert citadel of Deshnok, in honour of Goddess Karni Mata, the tutelary deity of the Bikaner royal house. The devotees gather at Deshnok during the Navratra, in March/April and September/October and the fair is held on the ninth day of Navratra. Amidst the chanting of hymns and prayers, devotees offer their prayers and the celebrations have a distinct religious flavor. The Karni Mata temple, 30 km from Bikaner, is dedicated to an early fifteenth century mystic who was considered to be a reincarnation of goddess Durga. The uniqueness of the temple is that it is inhabited by legions of brown rats which scurry around the complex without any fear. The rats are believed to be repositories of the souls of dead charans, the traditional bards.   
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Kapil Muni Fair of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India
The Kapil Muni Fair is the largest fair of Bikaner district held on Kartik Poornima at Kolayat-originally Kapilayatan-named after the sage Kapil who is believed to have done tapasya (meditation) here for the redemption of mankind. The sacred lake of Kolayat 55 Km from Bikaner is the venue of this fair. Kolayat is situated in an arid area. There is a lake with 52 Ghats shaded by banyan trees around the lake. A temple dedicated to Kapil Muni is situated on the Kapil Muni ghat and it has a marble statue of the saint. It is held during the full moon of kartik (Nov). The devotees come to take a holy dip in the lake. At this time, all the fifty ghats bordering the lake are crowded.

The lakeside is dotted with temples. Ghats named after these temples allow privacy to the pilgrims, with some ghats meant only for women. Visiting Kolayat has been considered to be a tirtha or pilgrimage of great importance and it is believed that one day's stay at Kolayat benefits as much as 10 years spent at any other sacred place. The legendary Maharishi Kapil and the Kapilayatan lake find mention in the Puranas and Kapil Muni is believed to have descended from Lord Brahma.

A cattle fair is held in conjunction with the Kapil Muni Fair. Buffaloes, camels, horses and cattle are sold. Certificates and prizes are given away to the best breeders at the fair. Kolayat is situated 50 km to the south-west of the city of Bikaner. There is a direct railway route from Bikaner to Kolayat. Regular buses ply from Bikaner to Kolayat.

Gangaur Fair of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India
  
The Gangaur Festival is the colourful and most important local festival of Rajasthan and is observed throughout the State with great fervour and devotion by womenfolk who worship Gauri, the consort of Lord Shiva. The festival commences on the first day of Chaitra, the day following Holi and continues for 18 days. For a newly-wedded girl, it is binding to observe the full course of 18 days of the festival that succeeds her marriage. Even unmarried girls fast for the full period of 18 days and eat only one meal a day.

Gan is a synonym for Shiva and Gaur which stands for Gauri or Parvati who symbolises saubhagya (marital bliss). Gauri is the embodiment of perfection and conjugal love which is why the unmarried women worship her for being blessed with good husbands, while married women do so for the welfare, health and long life of their spouses and a happy married life.

Women attired in their best costumes and jewels, pray to Gauri, an incarnation of Goddess Parvati. Married women pray for the well being and long life of their husband and the young ladies seek the blessings for a life partner of their choice. Processions of Gauri , are taken out with pomp and gaiety from Junagarh and the old city.  Women sing melodious folk songs, accompanied by musicians and bands.   
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Forts, Palaces and Museums of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Junagarh Fort in Bikaner, Rajasthan
Imposing and enchanting, the Junagarh Fort in Bikaner overwhelms you with its historic charm and monumental splendor. It is an unassailable fort, a fort that has never been conquered, though it has been attacked many times. Junagarh Fort is an impressive monument, with huge towers and battlements for defence. This fascinating piece of architecture was built between 1588 -1593 AD by Raja Rai Singh (1571 - 1611 AD), a general in army of Mughal emperor, Akbar.

The Junagarh fort is a formidable structure encircled by a moat and has some beautiful palaces within. These palaces, made in red sandstone and marble, make a picturesque ensemble of courtyards, balconies, kiosks and windows dotted all over the structure.
The imposing fort has 986 long walls with 37 bastions and two entrances. Junagarh Fort contains 37 palaces and many temples and pavilions. A measure feature of Junagarh fort is the superb quality of the stone carving-it rivals the best anywhere in the world. Many of the inner rooms of the palaces are beautifully decorated and painted in traditional style.
The premise also houses a museum which is an array of a rich collection.
Timings: 10: 00 AM to 4:30 PM on all weekdays except Sunday.
Entry Fee: Rs. 10 for Indians and 30 for foreigners. Rs 30 for still camera & Rs 50 for video  camera.
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Lallgarh Palace in Bikaner, Rajasthan

The lallgarh palace is sheer poetry in sandstone. The architectural masterpiece in red sandstone, built by Maharaja Ganga Singh (1881 AD-1942 AD) in memory of his father Maharaja Lall Singh between 1902 -1926.This magnificent palace is an example of pure Rajput martial architecture. The Lallagarh palace is a complete integrated example of Indo-Saracenic architecture, a perfect example of Sir Swinton Jacob’s creations. Designed by Sir Swinton Jacob, this palace has several grand halls, lounges, cupolas and pavilions. The palace has beautiful latticework and filigree work. The exotic palace has magnificent pillars, richly carved fire mantles, Italian colonnades and motif of lotus in full bloom, adding to the magic of this jewel of the desert. Constructed during the first half of the nineteenth century, it defies the bleak and rugged reality of the Thar Desert. The palace has played host to a number of dignitaries from all over the world.     
 
Sprawling lawns with blooming bougainvillea and dancing peacocks make it a not-to-be missed visual treat. Bikaner royal family still lives in part of the palace and other part of the palace has been converted into a luxury hotel and a museum known as Shri Sadul Museum. The museum covers the entire first floor of the palace and houses well preserved old photographs and trophies of wildlife. The palace has its own library (the fourth largest in the world), clay pigeon trap and skeet shooting traps facilities at adjoining ranges. Palace has wild peacocks spreading their feathers at almost every step flowering rows of bougainvillea.   

Sadul Museum : Located within the precincts of the Lallgarh Palace, the Shri Sadul museum covers entire first floor of the palace. The museum was established in 1976 and houses well preserved old photographs and trophies of wildlife besides a reasonable collection of artifacts and personal possessions belonging to the Bikaner Maharajas and a brass vessel known as a Tokan, which was used to collect revenue which was then transported by camel to the Bikaner state treasury. Timings 10 Am to 5 Pm Monday to Saturday Timings: 10:00AM to 5:00PM on all weekdays except on Sunday
Entry Fee:  10 Rs

40 Elegantly appointed regal room with all modern day comforts and facilities form the hotel part of the palace which await the honoured traveler. The service is an excellent blend of Indian and international hospitality, with great care taken to impress even the very discerning. The place has an exquisite indoor Swimming pool, Croquet ground, Tennis Court, Billiard Room, Lounge Bar, Gift Shop and large gardens and lawns that can conveniently be used for weddings, receptions and events. Walls of palaces are reminiscent of the past vintage etchings, hunting trophies and old portraits. It is the treasure trove where the guests can spend hours 'walking in the past'.

Gajner Palace in Bikaner, Rajasthan

Gajner Palace -a summer resort of Bikaner Maharajas -has often been described as ' an incomparable jewel in the Thar desert'. Built by Maharaja Ganga Singh ji of Bikaner, palace stands on the embankment of a lake .The palace was used by Maharaja for grand shoots and lavish entertainment. Royalty, Indian as well as international, Viceroys and other dignitaries have been entertained at this grand palace. The architecture of Gajner palace is truly outstanding. Built in red sandstone with intricately carved pillars, jharokhas and screens, the craftsmanship here is amazing. A part of palace has been transformed into hotel.

The Palace now has a private wildlife sanctuary, which is home to endangered antelopes like the chinkara, black buck, neelgai and other animals. During winter months, the lake becomes home to more than a hundred species of migratory birds, including the Imperial Sand Grouse.

While at Gajner Palace, one can see the photographs of the days of the Raj which have been meticulously arranged in the corridors. Each suite has been carefully restored to its original grandeur; right from the furniture to the wall paper, every little detail has been recreated.

During the stay at Gajner Palace, one should try a camel, horse or a jeep safari into the wildlife sanctuary. The wildlife is plentiful and the best time for the safari is the early morning or the evenings when the wildlife flocks to the lake to drink water.

Ganga Singh Museum of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India
  
Considered as one of the best museum of the state, Ganga Singh Museum displays a rich array of archaeological discoveries dating from the pre-historic Harrapan to the early Gupta period. The Museum has separate sections earmarked for paintings, arts and craft, terracotta, pottery, carpets, coins and ancient Rajput weaponry. Timings 10.30 Am to 4.30 PM

Rajasthan State Archives in Bikaner, Rajasthan
 
Located in Bikaner, the Rajasthan State archives have in their custody some very precious administrative record of the Mughal period like the Persian Farmans, Nishans, Manshurs, Akbarat, Vakil Report, Arzdasht, Khatoot and the records created during administration of the Princely states of Rajasthan such as Bahiat, Pattas, Parwanas, Rukkas, Chithiat etc. Because of this exceptional collection of records which is of immense value to researchers all over the world, facilities like microfilming, reference library and research rooms are also available to researchers. An exhibition of important documents is also set-up especially for tourist interest. Timings 10.30Am to 4.30 Pm.

Havelis of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India  

Marvels in home architecture, havelis are the pride of Bikaner. Once the residence of the rich and wealthy, the havelis of Bikaner are known for their intricate carvings and exquisite craftsmanship along with sprawling courtyards, beautiful jharokhas, latticed windows and magnificent Divan khanas. Situated in narrow by lanes of the old city, these beautiful red sandstone mansions stand magnificently as a splendid example of the centuries old craftsmanship which are no longer in vogue. 

Most of Bikaner's havelis date back to at least 400 years though a few of them are around 100 years or so. Constructed by wealthy merchants to show off their wealth as well their love and fascination for art and architecture, these havelis provided a much needed platform to the artisans and the craftsmen to showcase their craft. Probably, the most distinguishing feature of the havelis is its jharokhas. Six feet long and three feet wide, these small jharokhas form the most picturesque part of the haveli. Famous for their exquisite carvings, they often held the viewer spellbound with their fine detailing of leaves and flowers.

The next opulent room was the diwankhana or the guest room where the guests were entertained. Most of the havelis usually had two dankhanas- one for the men and one for the women and these were often situated at the main entrance of the haveli. A diwankhana generally has six pillars with a gold framed glass mirror. These frames are engrossed with flowers, whose various colours illuminate the diwankhana and add to its beauty.

Paintings of various gods and goddesses are yet another notable feature of the havelis. The gods and goddesses often depict are Lord Ganesh and goddess Laxmi and Parvati. Lord Shiva, Lord Rama, Lord Krishana along with Radha Krishan and Ram Sita are the other Gods who are represented in the havelis. Birds and animals also find a place in the havelis. Another distinguishing feature of the havelis is its ceilings. Beautifully and artistically painted, these ceilings often made of wood were embossed with flowers with six or eight leaves. Some of the havelis have golden work on the ceiling and some like the Bhairnodan Kothari haveli and Rampuria havelis excel in this type of work. The owners of the havelis were mostly religious people and every haveli has a temple which was often far away from the urinal place; the purity of the place being the main consideration. The toilets were situated in near by kotries or large open spaces with only toilet buildings. The courtyards or boundaries were always there to surround a kotri.

Every haveli has at least a second storey with the Mahal being the most beautiful and artistic portion. Rich in carvings, it was here that the parties and dance performance were given. Since the Mahal was the symbol of status, some of them contain valuable master pieces of art. For instance most of the rooms in Sampatlal Agarwal haveli are adorned with large priceless paintings of the noted painter Raja Ravi Verma , some as old as eighteen hundred ninety four. Every haveli consists of a number of rooms, big and small, made for special purposes and suitable for those purposes. Large courtyards, sals, and oras turn these ancient houses into a rich depository of history, art and architecture in their own small way. A sal is a half open multi purpose room for internal use of the family; an ora is a small bed room for the members of the family. It is also a box room. Barsali is the passage from entrance to the interior portion of the haveli. It is followed by the Angan or chowk which is then surrounded by the kitchen, the temple and water store or parindha. Almost every haveli has more than one storey, sometimes five to six but normally three.

Bikaner is full of such havelis and the notable amongst them are those belonging to the Kotharis, Rampurias, Vaids and Dagas. To view these havelis the suggested route is Gogagate, Daddhon Ka Chowk, Rangari Chowk, Assanion Ka Chowk, Mohta Chowk, Binnanion Ka Chowk Daga Chowk, BK School and Jassuar Gate.

Sacred Places of Tourist Attraction of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Bikaner is known for its communal harmony which is reflected in reverence for the sacred places of all the communities. Temples, Mosques Churches and Gurudwaras are held in high esteem. Some of the sacred places of tourist attractions are mentioned below.

LaxmiNath Temple of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India
 
Lakshmi Nath Temple is one of the oldest temples of Bikaner. The foundation of Bikaner was laid here in the year 1488 A.D. by Rao Bikaji. It being a historical monument has special identity. This temple was erected during the reign of Rao Lunkaran and boasts of the superb archeological skills of artists and artisans. It was later develpoed by Maharaja Ganga Singh Ji. Statues of deities- Vishnu and Laxmi - have all along received the unwavering devotion of countless people through the last four and half centuries.
 
Deshnoke Karni Mata Temple of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India
 
The Karni Mata temple, 30 km from Bikaner, is dedicated to an early fifteenth century mystic who was considered to be a reincarnation of goddess Durga. The uniqueness of the temple is that it is inhabited by legions of brown rats which scurry around the complex without any fear. The rats are believed to be repositories of the souls of dead charans, the traditional bards. They are regarded as sacred and are fed by priests and devotees owing to the belief that they will be reincarnated as holy men. The temple has huge intricately carved silver gates which were donated by Maharaja Ganga Singh.
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ShivBari Temple of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India
 
Shiv Bari Temple was built in 1880 by his highness Dunger Singh in the memory of his father’ Lal Singh’. That is why the temple is also called Laleshwar Mahadev Temple. Form outside the Shiva temple looks like a fortress, with its traditional curtain wall and arches. The temple is surrounded by an embattlement wall. It has four-faced black marble Shiva statue and a bronze Nandi facing the Shiva-Lingam. There are two large reservoirs of water known as bawaris. Over the last few decades the temple has served as a picnic spot for local people. People specially gather there in the rainy season (July-Aug.) and they celebrate picnic at this temple. This red sandstone temple attracts thousands of visitors during Shravan (Feb) especially on Mondays.

Nagnechiji Temple of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Nagnechiji Temple is situated in the south-east of Bikaner city and has a great historical importance. The deity of the temple is the statue of 18 armed Goddess having different weapons in her arms. This statue was brought here from Jodhpur by Rao Bikaji as part of the18 heirlooms which the founder king got after a confrontation with the then king of Jodhpur.

Sri Kolayatji Temple of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Kolayat is situated in an arid area. A famous pilgrimage spot with a temple dedicated to Kapil Muni, the Shri Kolayat temple is situated 50 kms from Bikaner on the highway leading to Jaisalmer. According to the legends, Kapil Muni, the great propounder of the Sankhya school of Philosophy struck by the tranquility and peace of this place chose to perform tapasya (penance) here. The Kolayatji temple complex has a lake with 52 Ghats shaded by banyan trees around the lake. The temple dedicated to Kapil Muni is situated on the Kapil Muni ghat and it has a marble statue of the saint. A holy dip in the sacred waters of the Kolayat Lake (Kapil Sarovar) on the full moon day (Kartik Poornima) is considered as highly auspicious.

The lakeside is dotted with temples. Ghats named after these temples allow privacy to the pilgrims, with some ghats meant only for women. Visiting Kolayat has been considered to be a tirtha or pilgrimage of great importance and it is believed that one day's stay at Kolayat benefits as much as 10 years spent at any other sacred place. The legendary Maharishi Kapil and the Kapilayatan lake find mention in the Puranas and Kapil Muni is believed to have descended from Lord Brahma.

The temple is the venue for an annual fair held in the month of Kartik (Oct-Nov) when the thousands of devotees gather in a large number to take a sacred dip in the holy waters of the Kolayat Lake (Kapil Sarovar) on the full moon day. A cattle fair, especially for the trading of camels is a part of the festivities. Though the place is often referred to as mini Pushkar and a fair is also held here as part of the festivities, it however lacks the vibrant character of Pushkar.  The small oasis town is now an ideal picnic spot.

Kodamdesar Bhainruji of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Located 24 kms from Bikaner on highway leading to Jaisalmer is the Kodamdesar Temple. Dedicated to Bhaironji, it was here that Rao Bikaji, the founder of Bikaner, first choose to lay foundation of Bikaner, but on the advice with Napo, a Sankhla Rajput who was great believer in omens, he chose another site. Built entirely of white marble, the temple houses the idol of Kodamdesar Bhaironji, which was installed by Rao Bika himself. Every year a huge fair is held here in the month of Bhadrapad.

Bhandashah Jain Temples of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Built in the 15th century, the Bhandashah Jain Temple is one of the most beautiful Jain temples dedicated to the 23rd Tirthankar Parshvanathji. One of oldest existing structure in Bikaner, the temple built of red sand stone and white marble is famous for carvings, wall paintings, structural beauty and artisticly designed statues. The pillars bear floral arabesques and stories that depict the lives of the 24 Jain tirthankars. The temple's rich mirror work, frescoes and gold leaf paintings are also noteworthy. The beautiful temple was erected near Laxminath temple in 1540A.D. It is said that 40,000kgs of ghee was used instead of water in the mortar, which locals insist seeps through the floor on hot days even today.

Excursions around Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Camel Research Farm of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India
 
The only one of its kind in Asia, the Camel Research and Breeding, Bikaner is located in the Jorbeer area at a distance of about 10 km from Bikaner city and is the only farm in India that is dedicated to camels. Spread over 2000 acres of semi arid land, the farm is the largest in Asia and is managed by the Central Government. It was established on 5th July 1984. The Centre has been identified as one of the important tourist place of Bikaner and is included in the tourist map of Rajasthan. The Centre has developed a camel museum which attracts the attention of researchers and tourist. Every year thousands of Foreign and Indian tourists visit the Centre. There are hundreds of camels here and the scenario in late afternoon is great when camels come back from grazing. One can enjoy some time here by having a glass of thick camel milk rich in vitamin C, listening to a Raika or Rebari, a camel breeder's tribe telling you about camels and camel lore and how they are bred or browsing or buying camel hair products like animal cover clothing, rough cloth, ropes, blankets, carriage bags, belts, wallets, lamp shades, toys, drums, containers and other decorative objects.

The importance of the indispensable ship of the desert is quite well known and Bikaner being the home tract of camel, it was but obvious that the Camel Research and Breeding Farm should be established here. The Centre has the responsibility to conduct basic and applied research for the improvement of camel.  The British army had camel corps drawn from Bikaner during World War I are still an important part of the desert warfare and defence through the Border Security Force (BSF). These camels, when they are fairly grown up are then sold in the cattle fairs of Bikaner and Jaisalmer where they are decorated in all their fineries which are colorful and attractive, complementing the brown terrains of the desert.

Timings 1500 hrs to 1700 hrs. Closed on Sunday and Government holidays. Photography is prohibited.

Devi Kund of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India
 
The royal crematorium of the Bikaner royal family, the Devi Kund Sagar situated 8 km in the east of city has several exquisite cenotaphs (Chhatris). Each Chhatri is dedicated to the memory of rulers of Bikaji dynasty and are situated on the exact place where they were cremated. The white marble chhatri of Maharaja Surat Singh is quite a marvel of Rajput architecture and is known for the spectacular paintings on its ceiling. Close by is a Dargah of Rustal Ali Shah Peer which is held in high esteem by Muslim community and other people.

Gajner Wildlife Sanctuary of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India
 
The Gajner wildlife Sanctuary is located at a distance of 32 km from the town of Bikaner. In the days of yore Gajner Wildlife Sanctuary used to be royal hunting grounds of the Maharaja of Bikaner. There is a sparkling lake inside the sanctuary and in the sweltering summer months one can see a variety of wild animals that come to the lake to quench their thirst.

Apart from being a perennial favorite with the resident animal species of Gajner Wildlife sanctuary, the lake also draws a variety of avian species. The Imperial Sand Gouse is particularly conspicuous by its presence in the winter months. Truly, the sanctuary is a bird watcher's delight.

The Gajner Wildlife Sanctuary is home to a number of wild animals and some of the resident species include wildfowls, deer, antelope, nilgai, chinkara, black buck, desert foxes and wild boars to name just a few.

In the midst of densely wooded jungle and the surrounding haunting wildlife there is the elegant Gajner Palace Hotel where visitors can check-in for lodging. Apart from accommodation, the Gajner Palace Hotel regularly conducts jungle safaris which takes visitors into the deepest realms of the mysterious Gajner Sanctuary. The hotel has its own exclusive fleet of Vehicles and all jungle safaris are accompanied by an extremely knowledgeable guide who has years of experience of Gajner Wildlife Sanctuary.

Deshnok’s Karni Mata Temple of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

The Karni Mata temple, 30 km from Bikaner, is dedicated to an early fifteenth century mystic who was considered to be a reincarnation of goddess Durga. The uniqueness of the temple is that it is inhabited by legions of brown rats which scurry around the complex without any fear. The rats are believed to be repositories of the souls of dead charans, the traditional bards. They are regarded as sacred and are fed by priests and devotees owing to the belief that they will be reincarnated as holy men. The temple has huge intricately carved silver gates which were donated by Maharaja Ganga Singh.
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Kolayatji of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

A famous pilgrimage spot with a temple dedicated to Kapil Muni, the Shri Kolayat temple is situated 50 kms from Bikaner on the highway leading to Jaisalmer. According to the legends, Kapil Muni, the great propounder of the Sankhya school of Philosophy struck by the tranquility and peace of this place chose to perform tapasya (penance) here. The Kolayatji temple complex has a lake with 52 Ghats shaded by banyan trees around the lake. The temple dedicated to Kapil Muni is situated on the Kapil Muni ghat and it has a marble statue of the saint. The temple is the venue for an annual fair held in the month of Kartik (Oct-Nov) when the thousands of devotees gather in a large number to take a sacred dip in the holy waters of the Kolayat Lake (Kapil Sarovar) on the full moon day.

The lakeside is dotted with temples. Ghats named after these temples allow privacy to the pilgrims, with some ghats meant only for women. Visiting Kolayat has been considered to be a tirtha or pilgrimage of great importance and it is believed that one day's stay at Kolayat benefits as much as 10 years spent at any other sacred place. The legendary Maharishi Kapil and the Kapilayatan lake find mention in the Puranas and Kapil Muni is believed to have descended from Lord Brahma.

Kalibangan of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Located 205 km from Bikaner is Kalibangan, the place where the extensive remains of the pre-Harappan and Harappan civilizations were discovered. An important site of the Indus Valley Civilization, Kalibangan, located on the left bank of the Ghaggar River was discovered by Mr.A. Ghosh, Ex. Director General, Archaeological Survey of India in 1958. It offers an excellent illustration of how the transition from a pre Harappan civilization to a Harappan civilization took place and is the only site where there is no evidence of the worship of the "mother goddess. The site of ancient bangle industry, one is totally mesmerized by the number and types of black terracotta bangles that were unearthed at Kalibangan. One can also take a tour of the fortified citadel and the cemetery that has been excavated at Kalibangan; view the copper and metal objects as well as the paintings on the ancient pottery.
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Location and Transport of Bikaner in Rajasthan, India

Bikaner lies in the north-western part of Rajasthan state of India. Bikaner is well connected with rail and road network with all major cities of the country.
Distances from major cities in km are
  
Delhi            494                           Jaipur              324
Jodhpur      278                           Jaisalmer       315
Agra             560                          Udaipur            625
Ajmer           325                          Chandigarh     594
 
Rail
Bikaner is directly linked by rail with major cities. Some important travel connections are from Delhi Sarai Rohilla, Jaipur, Mumbai, Calcutta,Jammu, Kalka, Ambala, Ahemadabad, Baroda, Surat, Agra, Allahabad, Kanpur, Chandigarh, Bhatinda, Jodhpur etc. 

Road
A wide network of bus services link Bikaner with several destinations. There is Rajasthan Roadway Deluxe, Super deluxe and AC buses as well as private travels also available from the major cities to make your travel comfortable. 

Air
Nal Airport is 17 Km from the city center. At present there are no commercial flights. Nearby airports are Jodhpur (254 km) and Sanganer airport Jaipur (325 km). 

Local Transport
Un-metered taxis, auto-rickshaws, and tongas are easily available for local transport.